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FMCSA Clearinghouse & Return-to-Duty Process

When you fail a DOT drug or alcohol test, the violation goes into the federal Clearinghouse immediately. Here is how the Clearinghouse works, how prohibited status gets lifted, and exactly what the return-to-duty process requires.

MD
Medically reviewed by Chantal Gabriel, MD  ·  Updated September 2026

If you are in prohibited status: You cannot drive a CMV or perform any safety-sensitive function until the Clearinghouse shows your RTD is complete. The prohibition does not lift automatically — you must complete the SAP process and pass a return-to-duty test.

What Is the FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse?

The FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse is a secure federal database that went live on January 6, 2020. It records drug and alcohol program violations for CDL holders and tracks the return-to-duty process in real time. Every employer is required to query it before hiring a CDL driver and at least once per year for existing drivers.

Before the Clearinghouse existed, a driver with a positive test could simply move to a new employer and get behind the wheel again without disclosing the violation. The Clearinghouse closed that loophole — violations and prohibited status follow the driver's CDL number across every employer in the system.

What Gets Reported to the Clearinghouse

EventWho ReportsDeadline
Verified positive drug testMRO2 business days
Alcohol test ≥ 0.04 BACEmployer / C/TPA3 business days
Refusal to testMRO or employer2–3 business days
Actual knowledge violationEmployer3 business days
SAP initial evaluation completeSAPAt completion
SAP follow-up testing planSAPAt completion
Return-to-duty test (negative)MRO2 business days
Follow-up test completionMRO2 business days

Negative test results are not reported to the Clearinghouse. Only violations and RTD milestones appear.

How the Clearinghouse Tracks the RTD Process

When a violation is reported, the Clearinghouse automatically places you in prohibited status. Your status then updates at each stage of the return-to-duty process:

1

Violation Reported → Prohibited Status

The MRO or employer reports the violation. The Clearinghouse immediately updates your status to "prohibited." Any employer querying the Clearinghouse will see this status and cannot put you to work in a safety-sensitive role.

2

SAP Evaluation Reported

When you complete your initial SAP evaluation, the SAP reports it to the Clearinghouse. Your status updates to show that the SAP process has begun, but you remain prohibited.

3

Education or Treatment Completed

The SAP reports that you have completed the prescribed education or treatment program. You are still prohibited at this stage — you cannot drive until after the RTD test.

4

Return-to-Duty Test (Negative)

You take a directly observed return-to-duty drug or alcohol test. The MRO reports a negative result to the Clearinghouse within 2 business days. Your prohibited status is lifted. You may now return to safety-sensitive duties.

5

Follow-Up Testing Plan Active

The SAP reports the follow-up testing plan — a minimum of 6 unannounced tests in the first 12 months, potentially extended up to 5 years. Follow-up tests are tracked in the Clearinghouse as they are completed.

Full Query vs. Limited Query

There are two types of Clearinghouse queries employers can run:

If a limited query shows "prohibited," the employer must run a full query (with your consent) before making any employment decision based on that result.

You can see your own record at any time. Log in at clearinghouse.fmcsa.dot.gov with your FMCSA Portal account. You can view your full violation history, track where you are in the RTD process, and manage consent for employer queries.

Does the Violation Ever Come Off the Clearinghouse?

No. A violation stays in the Clearinghouse permanently — there is no expiration or removal process for verified violations. However, what changes is your status:

Employers can see that you had a violation and that you completed the RTD process. Most carriers treat a resolved violation differently than an unresolved one. Completing the process promptly is in your interest both for employment and for compliance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse?

The FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse is a secure federal database that records drug and alcohol program violations for CDL holders. Employers, C/TPAs, MROs, and SAPs report violations and return-to-duty completions directly into the Clearinghouse. Employers are required to query it before hiring a CDL driver and annually for current drivers.

What gets reported to the Clearinghouse?

Verified positive drug test results, alcohol test results of 0.04 BAC or higher, refusals to test (including adulterated or substituted specimens), actual knowledge violations, and return-to-duty and follow-up testing completions. Negative results are not reported.

How does a violation get removed from the Clearinghouse?

A violation is not removed — it stays in the record permanently. However, your prohibited status is lifted when the RTD process is completed: the SAP reports completion of education or treatment, you pass a return-to-duty drug or alcohol test, and the result is reported to the Clearinghouse. After that, employers can see that the violation was resolved.

How long does prohibited status last in the Clearinghouse?

Prohibited status remains active until you complete the full return-to-duty process: SAP evaluation, prescribed education or treatment, and a negative return-to-duty test. There is no time limit — the prohibition does not expire automatically.

Can I drive while I am in the RTD process?

No. Once a violation is reported to the Clearinghouse, you are in prohibited status and cannot perform any safety-sensitive function — including driving a CMV. You remain prohibited until the Clearinghouse shows RTD completion with a negative return-to-duty test.

What is the difference between a limited query and a full query?

A limited query tells the employer only whether the driver has a prohibited status — yes or no. A full query gives the employer access to the actual violation records, but requires the driver's electronic consent. Employers must run at least one full query before hiring a CDL driver.

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